【考多益必看】多益必考文法重點整理---分詞篇

上個月多益閱讀有出現“現在分詞 (Ving) 及過去分詞 (Vp.p.)”的文法考題，分詞是多益閱讀必考的文法考點~不管是在Part 1完成句子還是Part 2克漏字。本篇戴爾美語老師將分享辨別現在分詞 (Ving) 及過去分詞 (Vp.p.)”的方法。

分詞是由動詞轉變而來的形容詞，分為現在分詞(Ving)及過去分詞(Vp.p.)。

現在分詞和過去分詞的差別如下:

(1) 現在分詞表正在進行，過去分詞表已經完成

例: I saw some falling leaves in the air. (我看見正在落下的葉子。)

例: I saw some fallen leaves on the ground. (我看見地上的落葉。)

例: I need some boiled water to drink. (我要喝開水。)

例: Put the dumplings in the boiling water. (把餃子放到滾水中。)

(2) 現在分詞表特性，過去分詞表心情。(專指情緒動詞)

例: I was disappointed about the result. (我對結果感到失望。)

例: The movie was very touching. (這部電影很感人。)

(3) 現在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。

例: I received a letter written by the principal. (我收到校長寫的信。)

例: The girl having a talk with Mr. Wang yesterday is a clerk. (和王先生說話的女孩是一個職員)

其中主動與被動的差別，常是英文考試中的文法重點，其中又以名詞的前後加分詞的題目考得最多。

這一類的用法，其實是來自於關係代名詞在其後句當主詞時的省略，

例如: The panel which is composed of five scholars is commissioned to review the proposal.

底線部分which is composed of five scholars為形容詞子句, 用來修飾前面的panel (n.專案小組) ，

當關係代名詞在其後句當主詞要省略時，必須遵循以下三步驟:

1)去掉關係代名詞  

2)其後動詞改為現在分詞  

3)如為being，去掉

以本題來說，1)去掉which 2) is給為being 3) being加以省略，所以成為以下新句:

The panel composed of five scholars is commissioned to review the proposal.

我們可以再看看以下兩個試題:

例1:Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice when she was 21, ____ her one of the youngest writers of a literary masterpiece.

(A) was made            (B) making              (C) made               (D) has made

    

例2: Some of the experiments ____ in the book are easy to perform.

(A) describing        (B) described          (C) to be described (D) to describe

以例1來說，原句應該是Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice when she was 21, which makes her one of the youngest writers of a literary masterpiece.

當中which用來替代前面的整個句子，指的是這件事情使得Jane Austen成為最年輕的文學作家之一。which 在其後句當主詞，若要省略:

1)去掉which 

 2)其後makes改為making  

因此本題正確答案為(B)

以例2來說，原句應該是Some of the experiments which are described in the book are easy to perform. 當中which用來替代前面的實驗，若要省略:

1)去掉which  

2)其後are改為being 

 3) being加以省略

因此本題正確答案為(B)

這種題目，還有更快的解法, 但是首先要能判斷該分詞原來的動詞為及物或是不及物動詞。(加[ ]部分為修飾語).

1) 若為不及物動詞，一律用Ving表主動。例如:

The little boy [__________(sleep) in the baby cart ]is my cousin.

答: sleeping

The man [ ___________ (run) on the track] is our colleague.

答: running

以上sleep / run在該句都是不及物動詞，所以只有主動用法，只能加Ving.

2) 若為及物動詞，後面有受詞，一律用Ving表主動。例如:

The little boy [__________(eat) the ice cream(受詞)] is my cousin.

答: eating

The man [ __________(make) a speech(受詞)] is our colleague.

答: making

以上eat/make在該句都是及物動詞，後有名詞當受詞，所以只有主動用法，要加ing。

2) 若為及物動詞，後面沒有受詞，一律用Vp.p.表被動。例如上述的例  2

Some of the experiments ____ (describe) in the book are easy to perform.

describe為及物動詞，後面卻沒有受詞，只能用Vp.p.表被動，正確答案為described。如果知道這個簡易法則，就不需要再經過關係代名詞省略的三步驟了。

經過戴爾美語老師解說分詞概念後，請大家試試以下9月多益考試的擬真考題：

1. We K & H Furniture are ----- to announce the grand opening of our branch in Sidney scheduled to be held on Nov. 25th. 

(A) please        (B) pleased      (C) pleasing     (D) pleasure

2. The ----- result of the game has astounded numerous fans who have supported the team through these years.

(A) disappoint        (B) disappointed     (C) disappointing    (D) disappointment

正確答案為B/C，你答對了嗎？

戴爾美語榮獲台灣區托福、GRE、雅思三考場，原地上課考試

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